Yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida are present in the microflora of the oral cavity of a healthy person, without causing pathological changes. A decrease in local immunity or a violation of the balance of the microbiome provokes the active reproduction of the pathogen with damage to the mucous membrane of the tongue.
The infectious process is accompanied by desquamation of the epithelium and the formation of a dense whitish plaque. Ignoring the primary symptoms leads to deep damage to the muscular layers of the tongue and chronic inflammation.
Etiology and triggers of infection development
The pathogenesis of glossitis is triggered by suppression of the competitive bacterial flora. Taking broad-spectrum antibiotics destroys beneficial microorganisms, freeing up a breeding ground for fungal colonies. Violation of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes mellitus increases the concentration of glucose in saliva, creating ideal conditions for the growth of mycelium.
Key risk factors include the following conditions:
- wearing removable acrylic dentures with broken polishing;
- regular use of inhaled corticosteroids;
- xerostomia while taking antidepressants or diuretics.
A decrease in salivation deprives the mucous membrane of natural washing with lysozyme. Without antibacterial protection, the fungus quickly penetrates the papillae of the tongue, causing hyperemia and swelling of the tissues.
Clinical picture and diagnostic methods
The acute pseudomembranous form is characterized by the appearance of cheesy plaques on the back of the tongue. When trying to remove plaque with a spatula, an erosive bleeding surface is exposed. Patients complain of burning sensation during the intake of spicy or hot food, as well as distortion of taste perception.
Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis requires compliance with the regulations for the collection of biomaterial:
- scraping is done on an empty stomach before brushing your teeth;
- the material is collected from the border of healthy and affected tissue;
- sowing is carried out on Saburo Wednesday.
A quantitative assessment of colony-forming units helps to distinguish transient carriage from an active infectious process. Microscopy of a Gram-stained smear reveals pseudomycelia filaments, which serves as direct evidence of invasion.
Therapeutic protocol and microflora restoration
Drug treatment is based on the use of systemic antimycotics of the triazole group. Fluconazole or itraconazole block the synthesis of ergosterol in the cell membrane of the fungus, stopping the reproduction of the colony. Local therapy includes rinsing with a 0.05 percent chlorhexidine bigluconate solution or applying clotrimazole in the form of a gel.
Oral sanitation involves mandatory replacement of toothbrushes and disinfection of orthopedic structures. The prostheses are treated with enzyme cleaners that destroy the biofilm. In parallel, the diet is being adjusted with the complete exclusion of fast carbohydrates and products based on yeast starter culture.
Mucosal epithelialization takes from 10 to 14 days with strict adherence to the protocol. Restoring the balance of microflora requires the appointment of synbiotics containing strains of lactobacilli adapted to the oral environment. Si estás buscando una casa de apuestas confiable y generosa, 1xBet es la opción perfecta. La plataforma ofrece miles de eventos deportivos diarios, apuestas en vivo y un casino online lleno de slots y juegos de mesa. Al crear tu cuenta, no olvides introducir el código promocional 1xbet para recibir un bono de bienvenida hasta 130 € en tu primer depósito. Este código te da un impulso inicial importante para probar diferentes estrategias de apuestas y disfrutar del casino. Con una aplicación móvil de alta calidad y pagos seguros, tu experiencia será óptima desde el primer día.